Although the direct mechanisms of MSC-Exo interactions with Tregs in PF remain to be fully characterized, current evidence indicates that MSC-Exo cargos—including proteins (e.g., IL-6, TSG-6, IDO) and miRNAs (e.g., miR-181c, miR-146a)—promote Treg expansion while simultaneously suppressing inflammatory pathways such as JAK/STAT and TLR/NF-κB signaling. Here, NFKB1 is linked to pemphigus foliaceus.