Based on the GSE93272 dataset (14), the LASSO model values showed positive correlations with Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3), Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI), Swollen Joint Count (SJC28), Disease Activity Visual Analog Scale (D.VAS), and Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI), suggesting that the model may reflect disease severity in RA (Supplementary Figure S6H). Here, MMP3 is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.