Protein biomarkers including EDIL-3 (EGF-like repeats and discoidin I-like domains 3) are highly expressed in exosomes derived from high-grade bladder cancer cells and promote tumor migration by activating the EGFR signaling pathway, positioning EDIL-3 as a potential therapeutic target (Zhao et al., 2025). The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is urinary bladder cancer.