Studies have demonstrated that renal cell carcinoma cell-derived exosomes, genetically modified to express glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored IL-12 (GPI-IL-12), retain renal cancer-associated antigen G250 and exhibit enhanced immunogenicity, significantly promoting T cell proliferation and IFN-γ release while effectively inducing antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) (Beckham et al., 2014). This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and hereditary clear cell renal cell carcinoma.