In genitourinary cancers, TDEVs overexpress disease-specific markers such as prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and STEAP1 in prostate cancer; EGFR and HER2 in bladder cancer; and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) in kidney cancer (Jansen et al., 2009). This evidence concerns the gene CA9 and urogenital neoplasm.