The secretion of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8) in the gingival tissue of the rats was reduced.<h4>Conclusion</h4><i>Lacticaseibacillus casei</i> DS31 demonstrates significant potential for alleviating periodontitis and could serve as a promising probiotic candidate for incorporation into functional foods and oral health therapeutic applications. Here, TNF is linked to periodontitis.