In rheumatoid arthritis, neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 (NCF1), as a core subunit of NOX2, participates in neutrophil migration, maturation, and CXCR2 expression by regulating ROS production, and promotes Th1/Th17 differentiation, revealing the interaction mechanisms between neutrophils and T helper cells (Chen et al., 2024b). The gene discussed is NCF1; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.