INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Recent studies suggest that HLWDD may exert its effects through several mechanisms: improving pancreatic β-cell function to enhance insulin secretion (34); increasing glucose utilization to lower blood sugar (35); inhibiting inflammation to reduce insulin resistance (36); modulating gut microbiota composition (37), and improving glucose-lipid metabolism, particularly in T2DM patients with damp-heat syndrome (38).