MMP13 and Other metabolic disease: The major downregulated genes included FABP4 (adipocyte protein 2, involved in metabolic diseases and interacting with PPARC1A), ALDH5A1 (succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase, linked to oxidative stress), TRPA1 and KCNS3 (regulating gut sensory and motor functions), MMP13 and HEPACAM2 (involved in extracellular matrix remodeling and tissue repair), LMBRD2 and BST1 (associated with mitochondrial metabolism, energy production, and lysosomal function), and CIP2A (regulating the cell cycle and intestinal regeneration) (74–82).