IL18 and congestive heart failure: Among cell death pathways, pyroptosis—a highly inflammatory form of programmed cell death mediated by inflammasomes, caspases, and the pore-forming protein gasdermin D (GSDMD)—has emerged as a significant contributor to myocardial injury and dysfunction in CHF by amplifying inflammation through the release of cytokines like IL-1β and IL-18 (Chai et al., 2022; Zhang Z. et al., 2024).