LGI1 and epilepsy: Autoimmune-associated epilepsy (AAE) denotes epilepsy in which adaptive immune mechanisms, often antibodies against neuronal surface proteins such as N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1), CASPR2, or Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid-B, play a causative role; seizures in these disorders frequently respond incompletely to ASMs but improve after immunotherapy (e.g., corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, plasma exchange, and, when needed, rituximab or cyclophosphamide).