PDCD1 and epilepsy: Taken together, synergy in epilepsy will likely depend less on piling on broad immunosuppression and more on node-matched pairing with clear time-phasing: extinguish the cytokine storm; then maintain control with pathways (e.g., C5aR1, PD-1/PD-L1 signaling augmentation, BBB-TGF-β modulation) that restrain excitability and glial activation with minimal systemic immune cost.