RCT: randomized controlled trial, HF: heart failure, NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, 6MWD: six-minute walk distance, Cochrane RoB 2: Cochrane risk of bias 2 tool, ROBINS-I: risk of bias in non-randomized studies of interventions, PROSPER: Prospective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk, FINRISK: Finnish Population Risk Factor Survey, PRESERVED-HF: Dapagliflozin Evaluation to Improve the Lives of Patients with Preserved Ejection Fraction Heart Failure, FIGHT: Functional Impact of GLP-1 for Heart Failure Treatment Trial. Here, NPPB is linked to heart failure.