CXCR4 and neoplasm: Denosumab (120 mg/month) reduces bone metastasis incidence (175, 241). TGF-β signaling inhibitors and histone deacetylase inhibitors reduce tumor burden and angiogenesis (129, 242–244). CXCR4 antagonists reduce MDSCs, enhancing CD8+ T-cell infiltration (306)