1. Vitamin D supplementation: Cholecalciferol (1000–2000 IU/day) to maintain serum 25(OH)D > 30 ng/mL, preserving bone mineral density and potentially improving outcomes;2. Bone-modifying agents (BMAs): Bisphosphonates and denosumab, considered for patients with multiple bone metastases (BMs), rapid tumor progression, or high-grade tumors;3. For MEN1-related hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroidectomy or calcimimetics (e.g., cinacalcet) to mitigate bone loss and skeletal complications. Here, MEN1 is linked to neoplasm.