The anti-Ro52 antibody—which is frequently associated with rapidly progressive ILD and poor prognosis in autoimmune diseases such as idiopathic inflammatory myopathy-associated interstitial lung disease (IIM-ILD)—may reflect a shared immunopathogenic mechanism.[29] Mechanistically, anti-Ro52 is closely linked to robust type I interferon activation, promoting innate immune-mediated damage in lung and vascular tissues, thereby contributing to the prominent cardiopulmonary manifestations observed in this cluster. This evidence concerns the gene TRIM21 and interstitial lung disease.