CD33, CD123, CLL-1, TIM-3, and CD244 were broadly expressed on AML blasts at both diagnosis and relapse, independent of genotype. Dual-marker analysis showed that CD33/TIM-3 and CLL-1/TIM-3 combinations were most specific for AML compared with normal or non-hematopoietic tissues. This evidence concerns the gene IL3RA and acute myeloid leukemia.