TGFB1 and fatty liver disease: Studies have found that CCl4, biliary ligation, and fatty liver disease can indirectly or continuously cause liver damage, activating quiescent HSCs with various fibrotic mediators such as TGF-β and PDGF-BB (Kim et al., 2022; van Dijk et al., 2020) to transform into contractile, proinflammatory, and fibrogenic myofibroblasts.