Similarly, proanthocyanidins have been shown in rat models to exert neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia, which are correlated with the inhibition of the TLR4-p38-NF-κB-NLRP3 signaling pathway and a reduction in cerebral edema (Yang et al., 2020). This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and Cerebral ischemia.