TGFB1 and liver dysplastic nodule: The study by Lou et al. shows that Qikui Granules provide renal protection in DN by lowering blood glucose, reducing inflammatory markers like IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and TGF-β1, and inhibiting the p38 MAPK signaling pathway (Yang et al., 2016; Shao et al., 2017).