In oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), PER1 inhibits glycolysis-mediated cell proliferation by forming a PER1/receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) complex, regulating PI3K stability, and modulating PI3K/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling-dependent mechanisms (103, 119). This evidence concerns the gene PER1 and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.