In the field of nanomedicine, cobalt oxide-polyethylene glycol triphenylphosphine (COPT) nanoparticles can dose-dependently activate BNIP3 mediated mitophagy, improve AKI and prevent its progression to CKD, providing a new idea for the intervention of BNIP3 pathway (Qin et al., 2023). Here, BNIP3 is linked to chronic kidney disease.