IL31 and chronic kidney disease: While patients with CKD-aP had elevated serum levels of interleukin-31, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in which the antipruritic effect of nemolizumab, a monoclonal antibody against interleukin-31 receptor, was assessed in HD patients with CKD-aP, a statistically significant reduction of pruritus severity scores was not observed[68].