Emerging evidence challenges classic neurotransmission paradigms, revealing that GABA exerts paradoxical excitatory effects on adult GnRH neurons, with PCOS models demonstrating 40% increased synaptic density between arcuate nucleus (ARC) GABAergic neurons and GnRH neurons, which correlates with elevated LH pulse frequency [11–14]. Here, PLOD1 is linked to polycystic ovary syndrome.