VEGFA and neoplasm: Tumor endothelial cells (ECs) in CRC undergo transcriptional reprogramming toward a pro-angiogenic phenotype, upregulating VEGFA-VEGFR2 signaling and ECM genes (e.g., COL4A1, SPARC) while downregulating antigen presentation molecules (MHC I/II) (Xie et al., 2024).