POU5F1 and Alzheimer disease: Serum starvation can induce NP-MSCs to enter a quiescent state, which is conducive to stemness maintenance (Li et al., 2019); low glucose environments enhance the expression of pluripotency markers (e.g., SOX-2, OCT-4) in AD-MSCs, although high glucose generally promotes their senescence and reduces stemness (Stolzing et al., 2006; Chen et al., 2016; Stolzing et al., 2010; Stolzing et al., 2012; Liu et al., 2020).