POU5F1 and Alzheimer disease: For example, in AD-MSCs, OGD treatment not only inhibits adipogenic differentiation but also reduces their migration capacity (Yang et al., 2022); in NP-MSCs, the combined effect of hypoxia and nutrient deprivation inhibits cell proliferation, induces apoptosis, enhances caspase-3 activity, and downregulates functional genes (e.g., proteoglycan, collagen-I and -II) and stem cell-related genes (including Oct4, Nanog, Jagged, and Notch1) (Tian et al., 2020).