GLP1R and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In this meta-analysis of prospective studies, we systematically evaluated the effects of novel oral GLP-1 RAs, danuglipron and orforglipron, on glycaemic control and weight management in patients with T2DM and obesity compared with placebo, as well as comprehensively assessing their impacts on AEs, particularly gastrointestinal AEs.