In this meta-analysis of prospective studies, we systematically evaluated the effects of novel oral GLP-1 RAs, danuglipron and orforglipron, on glycaemic control and weight management in patients with T2DM and obesity compared with placebo, as well as comprehensively assessing their impacts on AEs, particularly gastrointestinal AEs. Here, GCG is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.