Both infectious and inflammatory stimuli, such as LPS, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β can elevate leptin levels, which may perpetuate the loop of chronic inflammation [85, 86], and it may be that leptin signaling can influence PCa risk via a network distinct from the ABCD—PCa network, relating to dietary exposure to LPS and the gut or prostate microbiome. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is posterior cortical atrophy.