Compared with INHBA_low tumors, INHBA_high tumors presented a significantly greater proportion of CD68+ macrophages in each zone (Supplementary Fig. 10c, d), suggesting that high INHBA expression recruits CD68+ macrophages into the TME and promotes their peritumoral accumulation, thereby fostering an immunosuppressive, tumor-promoting niche. This evidence concerns the gene CD68 and neoplasm.