HMGB1 and Sepsis: It is worth noting that immature neutrophils in sepsis patients persistently secrete proinflammatory cytokines [IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) (S100A8/A9 and HMGB1), which may partially contribute to sepsis-induced immune paralysis and prolonged pathological tissue destruction [56,64].