STAT3 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: To further explore the molecular underpinnings of differential PD-L1 expression, we performed transcriptomic analysis, validated key findings using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, and conducted mechanistic studies in EGFR-mutated NSCLC cell lines to elucidate the role of the IFN-γ/STAT3 axis in regulating PD-L1 expression.