The fluorescence intensity of CD14+ CD16+ and the expression of TLR4 in patients with uremia complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus were both higher than those in the normal control group; this immune dysfunction may be related to the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB and signal transducers and activators of transcription 5 signaling pathways (58). The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.