ARL14 and lung cancer: Analyses of “The Cancer Genome Atlas” (TCGA) lung cancer cohorts revealed that ARL14 expression is upregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including lung squamous cell carcinoma (Armbruster and Luschnig, 2012) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) (Zhang et al., 2021; Ma et al., 2025; Ding et al., 2022; Guo et al., 2019) with elevated ARL14 expression correlated with poor patient prognosis.