BDNF and Parasomnia: Although there is no direct evidence demonstrating a pathophysiological role of NMDA receptors, BDNF, and σ1 receptors in EHS, it is speculated that there could be a downstream effect leading to neuroplasticity and the stabilization of neurotransmitters and potentially improving parameters of the sleep cycle and thus parasomnia symptomatology. Further correlative studies will be required in order to assess this hypothesis. Nonetheless, in refractory patients, the use of low-dose ketamine may be an option for those suffering from EHS.