CCND3 and neoplasm: This complex enhances mRNA translation efficiency and upregulates the expression of cell cycle-related genes, such as Cyclin D3 (CCND3) and Cyclin E1 (CCNE1), as well as genes involved in the RPTOR/ULK1/autophagy axis and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, thereby directly driving tumor cell proliferation [241–243].