A causal relationship specifically with loneliness was suggested for five proteins (GDNF receptor alpha 1, GFRA1; adrenomedullin, ADM; fatty acid binding protein 4, FABP4; TNF receptor superfamily member 10A, TNFRSF10A; asialoglycoprotein receptor 1, ASGR1), which exhibited strong correlation with other blood biomarkers such as CRP, as well as with brain volumes of areas involved in emotional and social processing, and had a strong prospective association with CVD, diabetes, stroke and mortality (Shen et al., 2025). The gene discussed is ADM; the disease is stroke disorder.