VHL and renal cell carcinoma: Aberrant signaling in the JAK/STAT, AMPK/Raptor/mTOR, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, VHL/HIF/VEGFR/mTOR, FGFR3/MYC, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways has often been observed during the progression of renal cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma.