In the subset of patients with an increase in the percentage of CD38+ lymphocytes in response to modakafusp alfa, there were also increases in CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell activation (%CD69) as well as CD8+ T-cell cytotoxic function (%GzB) in the tumor biopsies (Table 5, Figures 7A, B). This evidence concerns the gene CD38 and neoplasm.