TNF and type 1 diabetes mellitus: In patients with Type 1 diabetes, administration of 24 mg, without glucocorticoid prophylaxis, was associated with severe headache and vomiting; a reduced dose of 8 mg was associated with gastrointestinal symptoms, fever and headache, but not of sufficient severity to require prophylaxis; median peak TNF-α levels were 527 pg/ml at 1 h [5].