VEGFA and diabetes mellitus: Oral LSP for 8 weeks improved visual and structural outcomes in patients with centre-involving DMO [2] by different mechanisms including: (a) blockage of dopamine D-2 receptors at the pituitary level causing the hyperprolactinemia-mediated increase in intraocular vasoinhibin [3], a prolactin fragment that inhibits retinal vascular leakage induced by VEGF and diabetes; and (b) downregulation of VEGF and placental growth factor in the eye [2].