PARP1 and neoplasm: Next, we detected apoptosis-related proteins via WB, showing that SH elevated the levels of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Fas, promoted caspase-3 mRNA expression, and reduced the level of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, while IF staining of PARP1, a core signaling molecule involved in tumor apoptosis inhibition (Fig. 5G, H), again confirmed SH’s promotion of tumor cell apoptosis.