Functionally, CM-THP1-CM-GC-EF1a-ALDH3A2 significantly reduced cell viability (Fig. 9G), proliferation (Fig. 9H), migration (Fig. 9I, J), and invasion (Fig. 9K, L) in GC cell lines, which can also be reversed by silencing IL-1β in M1 polarized macrophages (CM-THP1-shIL1β-CM-GC-EF1a-ALDH3A2) (Fig. 9G–L). Here, ALDH3A2 is linked to gastric cancer.