Functionally, CM-THP1-CM-GC-EF1a-ALDH3A2 significantly reduced cell viability (Fig. 9G), proliferation (Fig. 9H), migration (Fig. 9I, J), and invasion (Fig. 9K, L) in GC cell lines, which can also be reversed by silencing IL-1β in M1 polarized macrophages (CM-THP1-shIL1β-CM-GC-EF1a-ALDH3A2) (Fig. 9G–L). Here, IL1B is linked to gastric cancer.