More importantly, once orally delivered insulin reachesand is absorbed by the targeted section of the gastrointestinal (GI)tract, it mimics the physiological route of endogenous insulin secretionthrough the hepatic portal circulation., Absorptionof insulin by the GI tract promises enhanced safety and improved PK/PDprofiles that can minimize peripheral hyperinsulinemia and reduceadverse effects such as weight gain and hypoglycemia, as demonstratedin recent studies.−, This evidence concerns the gene INS and hyperinsulinism.