Additional selenium metabolism-related genes also showed oncogenic roles; for instance, AHCY modulates epigenetic regulation via the methionine cycle and promotes MYC-driven proliferation in colorectal cancer [47], while BUD23 shapes the tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma by impairing T cell and macrophage responses and downregulating immune checkpoint gene expression [48]. Here, AHCY is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.