TNF and myopathy: RNA sequencing of muscle biopsies from 36 ANCA-negative VM patients, compared to 37 healthy controls and 649 samples from other inflammatory myopathies, revealed that ANCA-negative VM is characterized by a dominant interferon-gamma-driven immune response, broad cytokine activation including tumor necrosis factor-related genes, and selective upregulation of angiogenesis- and endothelium-associated transcripts.