Mechanistically, IL-12 drives IFN-γ production through MyD88-dependent signaling, initiating a cascade of parasiticidal effects including amino acid depletion (tryptophan via IDO, arginine via NOS2), IRG-mediated vacuole disruption, and inhibition of both tachyzoite proliferation and cyst reactivation [36,37]. Here, NOS2 is linked to cyst.