NFE2L2 and chronic kidney disease: HA levels positively correlate with CKD progression, suggesting that higher HA levels may exacerbate the condition [55,56]; HA promotes kidney fibrosis by disrupting redox homeostasis and increasing oxidative stress, a key pathological process in CKD [55]; HA increases the production of ROS, which are detrimental to kidney cells; HA reduces nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) levels via NRF2 ubiquitination, thereby disrupting antioxidant defenses.