TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Obesity induces macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue and dysregulated adipokine secretion, leading to persistent elevation of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) [2].