A study published in 2023 by Li et al. [28] has proposed potential biomarker candidates in serum for T2D: vitamin D-binding protein (GC), apolipoprotein B-100 (APOB), apolipoprotein A2 (APOA2), apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1), TTR, immunoglobulin heavy variable 3-13 (IGHC3-13), antithrombin-III (SERPINC1), fibrinogen gamma chain (FGG), fibrinogen alpha chain (FGA) and alpha-1-antitrypsin (SERPINA1). Here, FGA is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.