Cardiac glycosides such as digoxin (C01AA05), known to prevent T helper 17 cell differentiation and modulate hypoxia-inducible Factor-1alpha, were studied by two independent groups, both showing protection against AAA development [67,68], while beta-blockers (C07AA05), specifically propranolol, were evaluated in four studies with mixed findings. Here, HIF1A is linked to triple-A syndrome.