PCNA and cancer: Overall, the data support a consistent pattern of BPA-induced dysregulation of cancer-related gene expression and signal transduction, including telomerase activation, altered cyclin expression (CCND1, CCNE1), increased N-cadherin/E-cadherin ratio, and ROS-mediated DNA damage induced by BPF/BPAF, often occurring even at low or environmentally relevant concentrations.