Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is closely associated with multiple human cancers, including carcinomas derived from epithelial cells, where it is induced by activating various signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), Janus kinase/signal transducer and transcription activator (JAK/STAT), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and Wnt/β-catenin (Figure 6), which are regulated by EBV-encoded proteins and non-coding RNA [187]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to cancer.