BMAL1 and temporal lobe epilepsy: On the other hand, patients with temporal lobe epilepsy without hippocampal sclerosis (characterized by severe neuronal loss and gliosis in one or more hippocampal regions) have higher levels of BMAL1 in the DG than patients with severe loss of neuronal cells in the CA1 and CA4 regions, 50–60% loss of DG granule cells, and their dispersion [89].