In addition, the composition of aortic ECM is influenced by multiple mechanisms, including increased collagen synthesis via transforming growth factor type-β1 (TGF-β1) mediated by HSP70-TLR4 signaling, and dysregulated Ca2+ dynamics via Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are upregulated in diabetes [29,30]. Here, TLR4 is linked to diabetes mellitus.